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Innospec highlights important overview on handling fuel instability issue of VLSFO

Majority of VLSFO components come from low cost distillate and low sulphur petrochemical streams which can be readily separated to form distillate sludge.

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Colorado-based global specialty chemicals company Innospec has published an article on handling fuel instability of very low sulphur fuel oil (VLSFO) in their February technical bulletin :

Problems associated with VLSFO

  • Polished liners, Piston ring failure
  • Instability / compatibility
  • Fuel injector / pump damage
  • Low combustion efficiency
  • Post combustion fouling (Turbochargers, EGE, EGR, SCR, scrubbers/wash water)
  • Short storage lifespan
  • Reduced service intervals (purifiers)

What is Fuel instability and why is it more important than ever?

HSFO instability meant Asphaltenes dropped-out of solution causing filter blocking, tank fouling, poor combustion and increased purifier cleaning/servicing frequency. VLSFO still contains Asphaltenes from residual streams; however, it is a different animal. The majority of VLSFO components come from low cost distillate and low sulphur petrochemical streams which can be highly volatile, these can separate readily to form distillate sludge such as sticky gums, hard sediments or even polymers in storage/handling tanks, filters, pipework, purifiers and mechanical contact surfaces.

It has been shown that after-burn and dumb-bell ignition (both early and late ignition) are a high risk due to the incompatible mixture of light (paraffinic) and heavy (Asphaltenes) fractions used to achieve lower costs and 0.5% Sulphur found in VLSFO. Using the best methods for component mapping and stability monitoring we have proven the blend of two dissimilar components pose a significant risk of instability through rapid chemi-cal ageing, this makes storage/handling unpredictable with some of the effects being unavoidable on-board. 

Distillate sludge blocks filters and purifiers just as residual sludge does, only this can happen rapidly for a variety of reasons including prolonged storage (>1 month), heating or co-mingling. Unfortunately, it can also happen due to an inherent instability, which leads to chemical changes in the fuel once on-board.

The true risk of distillate sludge is to ships engines. Paraffinic gums are highly adhesive and stick to contact surfaces such as injectors and fuel pumps. Once established they allow hardinorganics such as metals/cat fines to become imbedded within, creating an abrasive surface that wear down fine tolerances, or create blockages. The quick onset of injector nozzle blockage leading to poor spray pattern and ignition efficiency which will lead to greater instance of liner impingement, after- burn and post combustion fouling (soot, ash, T/C deposits).

What does this mean for combustion?

Asphaltenes have always existed within Marine Fuels, they have a high calorific value and burn readily if effectively dispersed within the fuel; if stabilised the Asphaltenes are dispersed and protected by naturally occurring resins, which keep them small enough to find sufficient oxygen and burn during combustion. By contract, VLSFO can be an overly refined product containing low cost distillate streams that strip-away protective resins causing the Asphaltenes to agglomerate to form huge complex structures, which drop out of solution. Those that are not removed during filtration or purification or develop afterward are injected into the combustion chamber but are too large to burn effectively. This is when we see ‘black’ residual deposits on liners and pistons from unburnt fuel.

The same is true of distillate sludge, only that we have seen that these tend to effect engine components far more than Asphaltenes. Once injector efficiency is reduced through nozzle blockage, early ignition or contact surface wear, this leads to poor spray pattern and further compounds poor combustion efficiency.

How do we keep ships sailing?

Fuel handling practices will need to change to face the new challenges; unfortunately, each fuel bunkering will vary significantly from region to region or even within the same port. VLSFO is still a residual fuel that requires heating due to high pour points, variable viscosity and waxy distillate components. Unfortunately heating VLSFO can lead to the rapid onset of aging, which brings us instability. There are cases where fuel has polymerised within four hours of leaving the storage tank and entering the fuel handling system (with purifier temperatures as low as 60°C!). These chemical reactions cannot be avoided even when good on-board practices are followed.

Innospec were approached by Industry to develop OctamarTM HF-10 PLUS; our expertise in the Marine, Automotive, Aviation and Refinery business uniquely places us in a position to maximise the operability of fuels. 

OctamarTM HF-10 PLUS contains our famous Asphaltenes dispersant/stabiliser which has been used in over 3000 vessels world-wide to clean-up and maintain fuel tank cleanliness, and our unique distillate stabiliser/detergent and dispersant, which targets problem elements in the low quality distillate streams, preventing them from propagating into sludge or adhering to machinery contact surfaces.

This means clean tanks, filters, purifier, engines and better combustion. Our formulas have been a must-have in automotive/industrial diesels and long-term storage units for decades and we are pleased to bring it to the marine sector in these trying times.

OctamarTM HF-10 Plus chemically targets problem elements within the fuel, cleaning up Asphaltenes, distillate gums and sediments, and prevents the onset of polymerisation and oxidation.

Would you like to know more?

To find out more details please contact our technical team in your region and visit our website:

For Europe, Middle East and Africa mail [email protected]

For Asia Pacific mail [email protected]

For America mail [email protected]

Related: Innospec launches Octamar™ series of additives for new blends of IMO 2020 bunker fuels


Photo credit: Innospec
Published: 17 February, 2020

 

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Alternative Fuels

Yang Ming orders six LNG dual-fuel, ammonia-ready containerships from Hanwha Ocean

Each of the six new vessels will have a capacity of up to 13,650 TEU and feature LNG dual-fuel propulsion and Ammonia Fuel Ready specifications.

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Yang Ming orders six LNG dual-fuel, ammonia-ready containerships from Hanwha Ocean

Taiwanese shipping firm Yang Ming Marine Transport Corporation (Yang Ming) and South Korean shipbuilder Hanwha Ocean on Wednesday (2 September) signed a shipbuilding contract for six 13,000 TEU class LNG dual-fuel container vessels. 

The contract was signed by Dr. Chuck Tsai, Chairman of Yang Ming, and Mr. Charles Kim, CEO of Hanwha Ocean. The vessels are scheduled for delivery between 2028 and 2029. 

They will complement Yang Ming’s existing fleet of 10,000+ TEU vessels and serve as key vessels on East-West services, with deployment flexibility across trade lanes connecting Asia with the East and West Coasts of North America, South America, and the Mediterranean. 

Each of the six new vessels will have a capacity of up to 13,650 TEU and feature LNG dual-fuel propulsion and Ammonia Fuel Ready specifications.

“As Yang Ming transitions toward net-zero emissions, LNG provides a relatively mature and economically viable alternative fuel solution, capable of reducing greenhouse gas emissions by approximately 20%,” the company said. 

“At the same time, ammonia can serve as a carbon-free fuel by utilising converted LNG storage facilities, while offering relatively lower conversion costs and comparatively well-developed supply chains and infrastructure. The Ammonia Fuel Ready design will therefore provide Yang Ming with greater flexibility in responding to increasingly stringent international regulations on greenhouse gas emissions.”

In addition, the vessels will be equipped with Type B LNG fuel tanks with a design pressure of 1.0 bar to enhance the safety and efficiency of LNG operations, together with a range of energy-saving technologies, including Wind Shields, Rudder Bulbs, Pre-Swirl Stators, and Shore Power Systems. Smart ship technologies and cybersecurity protection features will also be incorporated to enhance operational efficiency, safety, and reliability while effectively reducing fuel consumption and greenhouse gas emissions.

Deliveries under Yang Ming’s next-generation fleet optimization plan commenced earlier this year. By 2030, a total of 24 new vessels are expected to enter service. 

This includes 18 LNG dual-fuel vessels—comprising five 15,500 TEU, seven 16,000 TEU, and the six 13,000 TEU vessels under this contract—alongside six 8,000 TEU methanol dual-fuel-ready ships. 

 

Photo credit: Yang Ming Marine Transport
Published: 4 September, 2026

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Alternative Fuels

LR, China’s MARIC unveil tanker concept ready for three future bunker fuels

Both secured AiP for a new 114,000 DWT product and crude oil tanker designed to accommodate future conversion to LNG, methanol or ammonia.

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LR, China’s MARIC unveil tanker concept ready for three future bunker fuels

Lloyd’s Register (LR) and the Marine Design and Research Institute of China (MARIC) on Thursday (3 September) have secured Approval in Principle (AiP) for a new 114,000 DWT product and crude oil tanker designed to accommodate future conversion to LNG, methanol or ammonia.

Announced at SMM 2026, the concept addresses one of the biggest investment challenges facing shipping today: the need to develop vessels and capabilities that can support a range of alternative fuel options and pathways as technologies, infrastructure and regulations evolve.

While LNG is already a mature fuel pathway, methanol and ammonia remain at an earlier stage of development, with questions around global fuel availability, infrastructure development, economics and long-term adoption.

The 114,000 DWT tanker concept has been designed as a product and crude oil carrier that can accommodate future conversion to LNG, methanol or ammonia as technologies, regulations and fuel supply chains mature. By incorporating conversion readiness at the design stage, the concept aims to reduce future retrofit complexity and provide owners with greater confidence when planning long-term fleet investments.

The design concept was reviewed against LR’s July 2026 class rules and regulations, including requirements relating to ships using gases and other low-flashpoint fuels, alongside relevant IACS Common Structural Rules for oil tankers. Final classification and statutory approval remain subject to full compliance with all applicable rules and regulations.

Theo Kourmpelis, Global Business Director for Tankers, Lloyd’s Register, said: “Shipowners are being asked to make major investment decisions today despite continued uncertainty around which fuels will dominate in the decades ahead. Alternative fuel solutions each offer potential pathways to compliance, but fuel infrastructure, regulation and economics continue to evolve at different speeds around the world.

“Designs that preserve flexibility will be critical in helping owners manage risk while preparing for multiple future scenarios.”

Si Nan, Marine & Offshore Marketing Department Vice Director, MARIC, said: “As the industry explores different decarbonisation pathways, shipowners need vessel designs that can adapt alongside technological and regulatory developments. This concept was developed specifically to provide greater fuel flexibility and long-term resilience, allowing owners to respond to changing market requirements without being locked into a single fuel strategy.

“Receiving Approval in Principle from Lloyd’s Register is an important milestone that validates the design concept and supports its future development.”

 

Photo credit: Lloyd’s Register
Published: 4 September, 2026

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Alternative Fuels

DNV: Alternative-fuelled vessel orders hit highest monthly level since October 2024

LNG-fuelled vessels accounted for the vast majority of August activity while the strong summer performance marked a significant acceleration in ordering activity after a relatively slow start to the year.

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DNV: Alternative-fuelled vessel orders hit highest monthly level since October 2024

Latest data from classification society DNV’s Alternative Fuels Insight (AFI) platform alternative-fuelled vessel ordering was strong in August, with 52 new vessels added to the platform.

This is the highest monthly total since October 2024 and follows another active month in July, when 47 vessels were added to the database.

LNG-fuelled vessels accounted for the vast majority of August activity, with 46 orders recorded. The container segment led the way with 30 orders, while the car carrier segment contributed a further 12 LNG-fuelled vessels. In addition, four ethanol-fuelled bulk carriers and two hydrogen-powered bulk carriers were added during the month, as well as one LNG bunker vessel.

The strong summer performance marked a significant acceleration in ordering activity after a relatively slow start to the year. In total, 242 alternative-fuelled vessel orders have been placed in the first eight months of 2026, representing a 27% increase compared with the same period in 2025.

LNG remains the dominant fuel choice, accounting for 63% of all alternative-fuelled vessel orders registered so far this year. Container vessels represent the largest share of these LNG orders (59%), followed by car carriers (30%).

Jason Stefanatos, Global Decarbonization Director at DNV Maritime, said: “The past two months have been particularly strong for alternative-fuelled vessel ordering, with August recording the highest monthly total we’ve seen since October 2024. This has helped lift year-to-date orders to a level well above the same period last year.

“LNG remains the leading fuel choice, driven largely by activity in the container and car carrier segments. These sectors have been among the earliest adopters of alternative fuels, supported by predictable liner operations and increasing demand from cargo owners to reduce emissions across supply chains. 

“For many owners, LNG offers a combination of emissions reductions, fuel availability and future flexibility while the longer-term fuel landscape continues to evolve. 

“At the same time, the latest figures include orders for ethanol- and hydrogen-fuelled vessels, highlighting that owners continue to explore a range of decarbonization pathways. Different segments are making different fuel choices, but the overall level of activity demonstrates continued investment in lower-emission shipping.”

Screenshot 2026 09 04 at 12.29.26 PM Screenshot 2026 09 04 at 12.29.36 PM

 

Photo credit: DNV
Published: 4 September, 2026

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